Optimal. Leaf size=127 \[ -\frac {(a+b) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} f}+\frac {\sqrt {b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}\right )}{f}-\frac {\cot (e+f x) \csc (e+f x) \sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}{2 f} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.10, antiderivative size = 127, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 7, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 25, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.280, Rules used = {3745, 478, 537,
223, 212, 385, 213} \begin {gather*} -\frac {(a+b) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+b \sec ^2(e+f x)-b}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} f}+\frac {\sqrt {b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+b \sec ^2(e+f x)-b}}\right )}{f}-\frac {\cot (e+f x) \csc (e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sec ^2(e+f x)-b}}{2 f} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 212
Rule 213
Rule 223
Rule 385
Rule 478
Rule 537
Rule 3745
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \csc ^3(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \tan ^2(e+f x)} \, dx &=\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {a-b+b x^2}}{\left (-1+x^2\right )^2} \, dx,x,\sec (e+f x)\right )}{f}\\ &=-\frac {\cot (e+f x) \csc (e+f x) \sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}{2 f}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {a-b+2 b x^2}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {a-b+b x^2}} \, dx,x,\sec (e+f x)\right )}{2 f}\\ &=-\frac {\cot (e+f x) \csc (e+f x) \sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}{2 f}+\frac {b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a-b+b x^2}} \, dx,x,\sec (e+f x)\right )}{f}+\frac {(a+b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\left (-1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {a-b+b x^2}} \, dx,x,\sec (e+f x)\right )}{2 f}\\ &=-\frac {\cot (e+f x) \csc (e+f x) \sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}{2 f}+\frac {b \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-b x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}\right )}{f}+\frac {(a+b) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1+a x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}\right )}{2 f}\\ &=-\frac {(a+b) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} f}+\frac {\sqrt {b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}\right )}{f}-\frac {\cot (e+f x) \csc (e+f x) \sqrt {a-b+b \sec ^2(e+f x)}}{2 f}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [B] Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(586\) vs. \(2(127)=254\).
time = 2.53, size = 586, normalized size = 4.61 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\cot (e+f x) \csc (e+f x) \sqrt {(a+b+(a-b) \cos (2 (e+f x))) \sec ^2(e+f x)} \left (-a \log \left (a-2 b-a \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {4 b \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+a \left (-1+\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )^2}\right )-b \log \left (a-2 b-a \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {4 b \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+a \left (-1+\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )^2}\right )+a \cos (e+f x) \log \left (a-2 b-a \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {4 b \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+a \left (-1+\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )^2}\right )+b \cos (e+f x) \log \left (a-2 b-a \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+\sqrt {a} \sqrt {4 b \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+a \left (-1+\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )^2}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {(a+b+(a-b) \cos (2 (e+f x))) \sec ^4\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )}}{\sqrt {2}}-16 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {-\sqrt {a} \left (-1+\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )+\sqrt {4 b \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+a \left (-1+\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )^2}}{2 \sqrt {b}}\right ) \sin ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )-4 (a+b) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )-\frac {\sqrt {4 b \tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )+a \left (-1+\tan ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )^2}}{\sqrt {a}}\right ) \sin ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {a} f \sqrt {(a+b+(a-b) \cos (2 (e+f x))) \sec ^4\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(2074\) vs.
\(2(109)=218\).
time = 0.56, size = 2075, normalized size = 16.34
method | result | size |
default | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(2075\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 5.38, size = 905, normalized size = 7.13 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {2 \, a \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + {\left ({\left (a + b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a - b\right )} \sqrt {a} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, {\left ({\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {a} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a + b\right )}}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - 1}\right ) + 2 \, {\left (a \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a\right )} \sqrt {b} \log \left (-\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {b} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 2 \, b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}\right )}{4 \, {\left (a f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a f\right )}}, \frac {{\left ({\left (a + b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a - b\right )} \sqrt {-a} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-a} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{a}\right ) + a \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + {\left (a \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a\right )} \sqrt {b} \log \left (-\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {b} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 2 \, b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}\right )}{2 \, {\left (a f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a f\right )}}, -\frac {4 \, {\left (a \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a\right )} \sqrt {-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-b} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{b}\right ) - 2 \, a \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) - {\left ({\left (a + b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a - b\right )} \sqrt {a} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, {\left ({\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - 2 \, \sqrt {a} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a + b\right )}}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - 1}\right )}{4 \, {\left (a f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a f\right )}}, \frac {{\left ({\left (a + b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a - b\right )} \sqrt {-a} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-a} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{a}\right ) - 2 \, {\left (a \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a\right )} \sqrt {-b} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-b} \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{b}\right ) + a \sqrt {\frac {{\left (a - b\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + b}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{2 \, {\left (a f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a f\right )}}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \sqrt {a + b \tan ^{2}{\left (e + f x \right )}} \csc ^{3}{\left (e + f x \right )}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt {b\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (e+f\,x\right )}^2+a}}{{\sin \left (e+f\,x\right )}^3} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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